Commentary on Romans 11:1-2, 11-12, 25-29

Today we continue Paul’s reflections on the sad situation of many of his own people rejecting Christ as Lord and Messiah. Note that all of chapter 10 have been omitted from our readings.

Paul has just been speaking about how his people rejected God’s message to them in Christ, and that they really have no excuse for doing so:

But I ask, have they not heard? Indeed they have…
(Rom 10:18)

But now he goes on to ask if it is possible that God has actually abandoned his people in favour of Gentiles. It is out of the question. And the proof is that Paul himself, a pure-blood Jew, descended from Abraham and of the tribe of Benjamin, has heard and responded to the saving word of God in Jesus Christ as indeed had many other Jews. Furthermore, Israel, though unbelieving of Christ as Messiah, remains a chosen people. The ‘remnant’, its temporary representative, is the pledge of future restoration:

God has not rejected his people whom he foreknew…

Paul goes on to ask:

So I ask, have they stumbled so as to fall?

This he strongly denies. What has happened is that their failure to accept the Gospel has brought salvation to the Gentiles.

The present unbelief of the Jews is only a preliminary step which God has permitted with a view to the conversion of the pagans and ultimately of the Jews themselves, as for their own good God will make them “envious” of the pagans. Earlier Paul had quoted Moses (in Deut 32:21) as saying:

I will use those who are not a nation to make you jealous; with a foolish nation I will provoke you. (Rom 10:19)

The fall of the Jews has proved a great gain to the rest of the world, and the Jews’ loss a great gain to the Gentiles. But how much greater will the gain be when the Jews, too, have restored to them all that they are at present losing.

At the same time, Paul warns the Gentile Christians not to be complacent, or to pat themselves on the back for making the right choice. God’s merciful plan to include the Gentiles in his great salvation plan should humble them, not fill them with arrogance. The Gentiles must never forget that it was from the Jewish people and its covenants with God that Jesus and salvation came to them in the first place. Perhaps some Jews have resisted hearing the Gospel message, but that will only be until the Gentiles have been fully converted.

Paul refers to the Christian message as a “mystery”. Among some of the religions in Greece, the word ‘mystery’ referred to some truth which was only revealed to initiated members. Paul, however, uses it in the sense of something formerly not known, but now revealed for everyone to know and understand. Examples would be the Incarnation, the meaning of the death of Jesus, God’s plan to unite all things in Christ, and especially to bring both Jews and Gentiles into one community in Christ as Head. Here the ‘mystery’ being revealed is God’s plan by which both Jew and Gentile, after a period of disobedience by both, will in his mercy be included in his Kingdom:

And in this way all Israel will be saved…

The Old Testament prophesied that as a result of the Messiah’s coming, Israel would be cleansed of all her sins (some of the strongest criticism of Jews is to be found in the Old Testament). Paul teaches that this prophecy, partially fulfilled already in the conversion of the Gentiles, implies the conversion of the Jewish people also.

In support of his statement he quotes from the Old Testament:

And he will come to Zion as Redeemer, to those in Jacob [Israel] who turn from transgression, says the Lord.
(Is 59:20)

In the original, the ‘Redeemer’ seems to refer to God, but Jewish tradition understood it as referring to the Messiah and this is how Paul seems to read it also.

And this ‘Redeemer’ will be their mutual covenant with God, a covenant which will take away their sin. Just as salvation for Gentiles involves forgiveness of sin, so the Jews, when they are saved, are forgiven by the mercy of God – his forgiveness based on their repentance and faith in Christ as Messiah and Lord.

As regards the gospel they are enemies for your sake, but as regards election they are beloved for the sake of their ancestors…

At this time, the Jews are enemies because they have rejected the clear call of God in Jesus, but it is only temporary. And as Paul has already said, their rejection of the Gospel has resulted in the Gentiles accepting it. But that rejection has to be balanced by God’s unchanging and unchangeable love for the Jews, guaranteed by the covenants he made with their ancestors – with Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and his sons, and Moses.

The reason is clear as there is no change of mind on God’s part:

…for the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable.

God originally chose Israel as his people from whom the Saviour would emerge. As Jesus said to the Samaritan woman:

…salvation is from the Jews. (John 4:22)

God will never renounce that choice. Even though Israel is presently in a state of unbelief (in Jesus as Messiah), God’s purpose will be fulfilled in her. God’s love is unchanging; his call his unchanging. In all his grief and disappointment, it is this conviction that gives Paul hope for his people.

And that applies as much to us Christians as to the Jews. No matter what we do, no matter how far we distance ourselves from God, his love and his call are still there inviting us back.

And we are to remember that he is still calling the Jewish people, that he is still their God and they his people. We, too, are now his people, but ultimately that depends on the degree to which we accept Jesus as Lord and live our lives accordingly.